Influence Of Ethics On Technology - 3600 Words

At first glance ethics and technology seem to have no interaction. However, we see the influence of ethics on technology both from the profession and the public. For example the code of professional ethics has changed the procedures in different parts of science, engineering and technology, and has given a particular direction to the types of projects done, their scope, and implementations. The sensitivity of consumers to choose moral values has also resulted in the change of direction for many technologies. Public participation in science and technology and the legal channels are the other factors that shape the influence of ethics on technology. More controversially on the other side we see the impact of technology on ethics. One can†¦show more content†¦Considerations regarding information ethics influence â€Å"personal decisions, professional practice, and public policy† [2]. Therefore, ethical analysis must provide a framework to take into consideration â€Å"m any, diverse domains† regarding how information is distributed. This paper will discuss and analyze a different view of the ethics of science and technology. The aim of normative ethics of science is to develop an ethical theory to determine which scientific activities should be regarded as ethically questionable. Apart from general moral and legal considerations, to this end the â€Å"aim of science† should be taken into account. Our justification for judging the conduct of some science as unethical is not a conflict between science and general moral or legal obligations, but the conflict between this or that proposed aim of science and ethical justification of a scientific aim. Normative means conforming to a standard or ideal. Thus, scientific method can be normative whenever an action or proposition is said to conform or not to conform to scientific method. In ethics, normative statements come in the form of â€Å"should† or â€Å"ought.† Normative cl aims are non-scientific in themselves in that empirical evidence alone rarely justifies an ethical judgment. Much of the action of ethical judgment is purely logical. Because what ought to be done is the

Legalizing Euthanasia And Assisted Suicide - 1885 Words

Euthanasia is a subject most people wouldn’t touch at all. Any argument on this subject usually evolves into a series of complex, abstract questions about freedom of choice, morality and so on. There are many reasons to considering legalization of euthanasia/assisted-suicide, reasons that involve hard statistics, evidence and lived experience. Many will argue against euthanasia saying that it is irreversible. Arguing that once a person is gone that we’ll never know if they might have gone on to lead long and happy lives despite their illness or if recovery from their illness was getting close. People who argue this are ignoring the data that has been collected on this subject. In all nations where euthanasia is legal, it’s almost exclusively for the terminally ill. A Dutch report into euthanasia found that in 86% of cases, euthanasia shortened life by a maximum of a week and a few hours. For those patients it was a last resort to escape the unbearable agony who would rather the agony ended on their terms rather than in a few days’ time. This isn’t trying to say that miracles never happen, they do occasionally but the reason that we hear about them is because they are very statistically improbable. For the majority of patients, recovery is less likely than winning a big sum of money and being lucky enough to get struck by lightning on the same day. Legalizing euthanasia not only significantly shorten life, it has been proven to actually save lives. The Netherlands have hadShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Essay - Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide2312 Words   |  10 PagesLegalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide in Australia First, it is essential to define euthanasia in order to resolve any misconceptions. Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma (Oxford dictionaries, 2014). It can be either passive or active however this essay will focus specifically on active euthanasia. Euthanasia is currently illegal in Australia, although it was briefly legal in the northern territory. This essayRead MoreLegalizing Physician Assisted Suicide And Active Euthanasia843 Words   |  4 PagesFatal Differences The civil argument in the U.S. over whether or not to authorize physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia has reached new levels of vehemence. Oregon, California, Vermont, and Washington (and Montana, via court ruling) have become the first states to legalize physician-assisted suicide. There has, too, been campaigning, ballot measures, bills, and litigation in other states in attempts to legalize one or both practices. Supporters increasingly urge either absolute legalizationRead MoreEuthanisa Outline1008 Words   |  5 PagesSAMPLE PERSUASIVE OUTLINE – AVERAGE Student Y February 17, 2005 Section AY Topic: Euthanasia Goal: To persuade the audience that physician-assisted suicide, which is a subset category of euthanasia, should be a legal option. Thesis: All terminally ill patients or individuals in chronic severe pain should have the option of a peaceful and quick death to minimize suffering. Introduction A. Attention Gaining Device: On November 23, 2000 my mother passed away. She had terminal ovarian cancerRead MoreThe Controversy over Legalizing Euthanasia635 Words   |  3 PagesLegalizing Euthanasia: Euthanasia is described as the practice of killing an individual who is suffering from an incurable illness or disease, which is commonly referred to as assisted suicide. In the past few years, various states have started to consider legislation regarding the legalization of active voluntary euthanasia. The proponents of this practice argue that patients can sometime undergo intolerable and unbelievable suffering and that euthanasia is a potential alternative for alleviatingRead MoreEuthanasia Is The Other Form And It Takes Place Against The Patient s Consent1005 Words   |  5 PagesInvoluntary euthanasia is the other form and it takes place against the patient’s consent. Finally, non-voluntary euthanasia is whereby a physician carries out the act despite the fact that the patient does not have the ability to make the decision. To understand the slippery slope here, it is important to take note of the fact that all these forms of euthanasia are morally demeaning since they do not uphold the right to life. Legalizing PAS would, therefore, imply that the right to life is beingRead More Dutch vs. American Euthanasia Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesDutch vs. American Euthanasia      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Dutch take their euthanasia seriously. The Dutch government has resubmitted its proposal for formally legalizing assisted suicide and euthanasia, while modifying its controversial provision allowing euthanasia for children. When first proposed to Parliament over a year ago, the bill allowed for cases where children from 12 to 16 years old could request and receive euthanasia against the wishes of their parents. The modified proposal still allows childRead MoreEuthanasi Euthanasia And Euthanasia1483 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia is a long smooth-sounding word, and it conceals its danger as long, smooth-sounding words do, but the danger is there, nevertheless. As Pearl S. Buck explained through this quote, Euthanasia and medically assisted suicide to present a real danger. Although society refuses to see these dangers, euthanasia creates countless problems that shake society. Euthanasia remains a conditional based issue; therefore, the laws created rely on weak ideas that allow for easy manipulation, asRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide918 Words   |  4 Pagespatients who seek assisted-death must only have six months to live and are required to submit a written request as well as two oral requests at least 15 days apart. (Reilly). While Gov. Jerry Brown still has yet to approve this new law, the act has shed light on the topic of euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide. With the pending status of the law, the question remains on whether or not the act should be passed and if so should the US take initiative and begin to legalize assisted-death in other statesRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Euthanasia1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe question of euthanasia, also referred to as mercy killing, is among the most disputable topic on ethics in America. It refers to the intentional putting to death of a person with an incurable or painful disease intended as an act of mercy (Newhealthguide.org, 2016). Euthanasia is closely related to doctor assisted suicide. However, the two acts differ in that, euthanasia means injecting a terminally sick patient with lethal dose of a drug or withdrawing feeding tubes to let the patient die ofRead MoreEuthanasi Terminally Ill Patient1321 Words   |  6 Pagesact of euthanasia upon terminally ill patient. According to Oxford Dictionary, euthanasia means the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma and according to Euthanasia (2014), it is defined as the intentional kil ling by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. There are many kinds of euthanasia including voluntary, non-voluntary, involuntary, assisted suicide, euthanasia by action, and euthanasia by omission

Expect more, get more Free Essays

Finding the perfect match online promises to become simpler with the September 21 launching of moreProfiles.com, a website that hopes to become the hub of online dating services. With the help of powerful Web 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Expect more, get more or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 software, moreProfiles’ president John Dahl and his associates have created a site that makes it easier for singles to search profiles, upload their own, do side-by-side comparisons—everything necessary find their perfect match. The website enlarges the selection pool by bringing together such major players in the online dating industry as Yahoo Personals, Match, American Singles, Love Happens, and True. moreProfiles.com gives the public free access to the 30 million profiles held separately by each of these dating websites, but all from one central web location. The charm and ingenuity of moreProfiles.com is the simplicity that comes with having to do only One Searchâ„ ¢ and to submit only One Profileâ„ ¢. Previously, singles interested in online dating have found that choosing a dating website often locks them into the relatively stagnant pool of users that belong to that one site. Simultaneously, it has effectively locked them out of several competing sites, any one of which has the potential to contain the one person that could match them completely. moreProfiles’ One Profileâ„ ¢ and One Searchâ„ ¢ solutions propose to remove the guesswork from choosing a dating service, as it brings all the top ones directly to the searcher. Just one search command probes the vaults of several of the most prominent dating websites, giving singles free and complete access to the profiles of millions and making it easier for them to find their match. In addition, the submission of just one profile gets singles’ information out to all the top dating websites, making it easier for matches to find them. Information integration is at the heart of moreProfiles’ mission. The key component of the One Searchâ„ ¢ and One Profileâ„ ¢ aspects of moreProfiles is its meta-search capability that reaches across company lines to bring all relevant information to searchers. It has been Dahl’s concern that singles should not be distracted by decisions about which online dating service to use.   He says, â€Å"The question shouldn’t be ‘Which dating website is right for me?’ The question should be ‘Which person is right for me?’† He believes that it should be as simple to search online for a dating partner as it is has been to search for any thing else. In keeping with this, Dahl and his team have used meta-search technology to create a website that integrates all the browsing, searching, and comparison capabilities necessary for making perhaps the most important decision in a person’s life. To moreProfiles and its users, this unique service represents a long-overdue development in online dating services. The president and staff of moreProfiles.com are confident that the site fills a gaping hole in the world of online dating, and are sure that this will become evident in the coming months through an expected influx of singles to the site. Dahl says, â€Å"By offering a way to easily and intuitively browse all the top online dating websites simultaneously, we think a lot more people are going to take advantage of online dating to reach out and find that special someone.†    How to cite Expect more, get more, Essay examples

Consumer Behavior Influences Consumer Needs

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Consumer Behavior of Influences Consumer Needs. Answer: Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior is the study of the organizations, groups and individuals and the processes that they use to use, secure, select and dispose of products, ideas, experiences and services for satisfying their needs and the impact of these processes on the society and consumer. It is a blend of the elements from economics, marketing, social anthropology, sociology and physiology (Solomon 2014). The different theoretical approaches that have been adopted for drawing on the different psychological traditions and decision making can be classified into five emerging and major approaches. These includes humanistic, cognitive, behaviorist, psychodynamic and economic man. The five personality dimensions are neuroticism, agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience that can be attributed to the personality traits (Hanna, Wozniak and Hanna 2013). This assignment will analyze my behavior by the construction of my description as a consumer in association with the con sumer behavior theories. My behavior as a consumer is influenced greatly by the factors like perception, learning and motivation. These are the personal or internal factors. The social or external factors include cultural values, family roles and social norms. Environment and trends influence the external factors to a great deal (Kardes, Cronley and Cline 2014). We choose products according to our personality that expresses our behavior, intentions, emotions and thoughts. I needed a cellular phone and when I reached the market, I was confused between the two products each of Apple and Blackberry. Although I prefer Apple over any other brand because of its singularity, boldness, creativity and innovation, I was tempted to buy a Blackberry this time due to its attractive looks, affordable price and user-friendly features. I faced an approach-approach conflict where I had to choose between two desirable alternatives. After a thorough understanding of my needs, I chose to buy the Blackberry product as it satisfi ed my utilitarian and hedonic needs following my motivational direction. My choice also reflected my innovativeness as I went forward to try a new thing that I have not tried before. The lifestyle of a consumer includes his opinions, values, interests and activities. The purchasing decision and behavior are influenced by the lifestyle of a consumer (Mullen and Johnson 2013). I went to Woolworths supermarket for some grocery and selected organic products as I prefer to live a balanced and healthy lifestyle. According to the online VALS survey, I am an achiever and I possess achievement motivation. I am a goal oriented person, hardworking and peer-conscious. To maintain my achiever trait, I have to maintain a lifestyle that supports my achievement motivation. Therefore, I selected organic products from the grocery like black beans and brown rice syrup for maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle. I am allocentric and I like to avoid unhealthy foods. Culture plays a crucial role in understanding the behaviors and needs of an individual. An individual is taught from his society, cultural environment, friends and family the common behaviors, preferences and values regarding his culture throughout his life. Therefore, it is important for the brands to take into account the cultural factors that are inherent to the global markets for their product to adapt accordingly with the expectations, behavior, habits and perception of the consumers (Lantos 2015). I have a friend John who belongs to the UK and it is common in his culture to invite friends and colleagues at home for dinner or a drink. It is common in the Australian culture as well and therefore, we share a similar culture of inviting friends at home and spend time together. However, my friend Yuki is from Japan and in his culture, it is not common to invite friends at home and these outings are done with colleagues and friends in a restaurant. My friend Aahil is from Iran and ac cording to his culture, alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited. Therefore, whenever we plan a meet for the colleagues whether it is at Johns place or with Yuki at the restaurant, we prefer the fast food chains like McDonalds and KFC as they do not serve alcoholic beverages and are compatible with almost every culture. Brand equity plays an important role with these cultural factors in consideration and the brand like McDonalds and KFC is very much adaptable to almost every culture in the world. Family holds the most influencing factor for the consumption qualities of an individual. It lays down an environment for socialization that helps him to acquire values, shape the personality and evolve. This also has an impact on his brand perception, consumer habits and the purchase of products. Family habits and perceptions exert a strong influence on the consumer behavior of buying and the consumers tend to maintain the same behavior that is acquired with the families (Griskevicius and Kenrick 2013). My parents used to say in my childhood that Coke contains sugar and so it is not good for my teeth and health. I should refrain from drinking Coke. As a child, this behavior developed in me and now I do not buy the regular Coke. Being a health conscious individual, I prefer to have Diet Coke or Coca Cola Zero over other beverages. From this perspective, it can be stated that the Freudian system of pleasure principle comes to force where my family shaped my behavior where my primary de sire is to maximize pleasure by avoiding the pain. The variants of Coke that I choose for my delight refreshes me without adding up the extra calories and contribute to my fitness. The study of the consumer behavior is largely motivated by the psychology of how the consumers reason, feel select and think between the different and available alternatives. The organizations and firms also take into consideration how the consumer gets influenced by the surrounding environment (Zeugner-Roth, Zabkar and Diamantopoulos 2015). Limitations in the information and knowledge of the consumers influence the marketing outcome and decisions. Therefore, the markets are in a constant process of improving their marketing strategies and marketing campaigns for effectively reaching the consumers. Decision strategies and consumer motivation differ between the various products and differ in their level of interest and importance that entails for the consumers (Hawking 2016). My decision making regarding consumption behavior is modified by the external and internal factors that are based on the principles and traits of needs and motivation. References Griskevicius, V. and Kenrick, D.T., 2013. Fundamental motives: How evolutionary needs influence consumer behavior.Journal of Consumer Psychology,23(3), pp.372-386. Hanna, N., Wozniak, R. and Hanna, M., 2013.Consumer behavior: An applied approach. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Hawking, S., 2016. Consumer Theories and Models.Consumer Economics: Issues and Behaviors, p.81. Kardes, F., Cronley, M. and Cline, T., 2014.Consumer behavior. Cengage Learning. Lantos, G.P., 2015.Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Mullen, B. and Johnson, C., 2013.The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Zeugner-Roth, K.P., Zabkar, V. and Diamantopoulos, A., 2015. Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: a social identity theory perspective.Journal of International Marketing,23(2), pp.25-54.

University Of Chicago. Obama Foundation Scholars Program 2018

University Of Chicago. Obama Foundation Scholars Program 2018 It was recently announced that the Obama Foundation Scholars Program will be launched in 2018. The interested candidates are invited to submit their applications in order to take part in the unique and innovative one-year experience. This new program at the Harris School of Public Policy is aimed at gathering emerging leaders in order to provide them with a quality education. The main idea of the program is to support the studying of talented young scholars and facilitate the global positive change that they can potentially bring to the world. The idea behind the program The Scholars Program gives an opportunity to receive an additional training, gain new skills and develop the extraordinary abilities of those who already help the community. It is important to support the young rising leaders in order to make positive changes in the society and in the world in general. As President Barack Obama put it, â€Å"This partnership will give young people from around the world who are already making a difference in their communities the opportunity to take their work to the next level†. Subjects The subjects covered will include economics, global conflicts and international development, to name a few. The main emphasis is on the fields the development of which can potentially facilitate solving complex global problems. How to apply Online application needs to be submitted.Unofficial transcripts may be required to be submitted through the electronic application process.Official transcripts will be required upon the admission of the enrolling students.Test scores need to be provided for the international students.A resume which includes your work experience as well as professional honors, community service activities and other relevant information.Three letters of recommendations are preferred to be sent through the electronic application. At least one reference must be from a previous professor who can describe your academic achievements.Two short essay responses need to be provided. You are supposed to tell about your current place of work and what impact you would want to make in the world. Timeline The program is supposed to be launched in the fall of 2018; however, the applications need to be submitted before April 17, 2018.The notifications of the admission will be received on May 31, 2018.The latest date when you can confirm the acceptance is July 1, 2018.The Harris Welcome Week will start on September 27, 2018.The classes will begin on October 1, 2018. If you feel that you are one of those who can greatly contribute to the positive change in your community and the world, make sure you apply on time. Perhaps, you are the one who is supposed to change the world for the better.

Dementia care Essays

Dementia care Essays Dementia care Essay Dementia care Essay The public outdoor universe is seldom conceived of as an appropriate scene for a individual with dementia’ : Critically discourse this statement with mention to your reading and pattern or caring experience. Use at least one instance survey or sketch of up to 350 words taken from your pattern or caring experience. This should back up your statement and illustrate either the chances and/or the challenges of accessing the out-of-doorss. Assignment to be: 2500 words Peoples with dementedness have the right to a dignified, healthy, safe, and friendly environment where they are treated as peers regardless their increasing age or decreasing capablenesss. ( Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . They can still keep their abilities to get by independently throughout the early or mild phases of dementedness. They still have the desire to remain independent and have control over their ain lives. It is indispensable for people with dementedness to see regular mental and physical exercising to maintain their heads and organic structures active and to keep societal contact. If the streets in their vicinities are non designed to run into their demands they will be trapped in their places, because their antecedently safe and unafraid vicinity changed into a harmful and unsafe environment. There is an increasing demand better urban design through the Local Planning Authorities, as such urban contrivers should take in consideration the deduction of non merely normal agei ng but they should enable persons with assorted types of cognitive damages to keep their independency ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006 ) . Effectss and challenges of dementedness Physical, mental, and psychological alterations are due to the ageing procedure, and can embrace several little damages in hearing, vision, ability, mobility, and memory. These affect senior individual’s ability to populate in their milieus with easiness. This is even more hard for persons with dementedness because they have to get by with both the normal ripening effects and the challenges of dementedness that cause a menace to their personhood and consequence in the loss of individuality ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Chaudhury, 2008 ) . Dementia pose a figure of behavioral, personality, and cognitive alterations for illustration restlessness, agitation, depression, and anxiousness. There is a typical diminution in physical and mental abilities. They develop a typical manner of mobility in the signifier of an unsteady scuffling gait with a hunched position, ever looking down and as such they are non cognizant of their milieus. Dementia besides result in sensory damage which c an include hearing and vision. Colour agnosia is frequently intensified by dementedness, dark colorss and combinations thereof is hard to separate. There might besides be impaired depth perceptual experience, crisp color contrasts or forms on the land will be interpreted as stairss or holes, shiny or brooding surfaces looks slippery and moisture, buzzy designs or insistent lines will do giddiness and that can ensue in trips or falls. The mental diminution in dementedness is lasting and incurable, it might come on bit by bit and ensue in unpredictable physical impairment. During the mild to chair phases their short-run memory is really delicate and their long-run memory remains acute ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006 ) . Negative feelings The statement, The public outdoor universe is seldom conceived of as an appropriate scene for a individual with dementia’ said it all. There are presently over 750,000 people with dementedness in the UK and this is predicted to lift to about 870,000 by 2010 and over 1, 8 million by 2050 . ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, p. 27 ) . But people with dementedness is disabled and disempowered by the unfriendly and insecure environment, it does non run into their cognitive damage demands, which is ignored. Accessibility for these persons have become a immense job, there is positive transmutations for normal disablements but non effectual plenty to take into consideration the different barriers for persons with dementedness and their alone damages. Burton and Mitchell ( 2006 ) found that persons with dementedness experience negative feelings that include fearfulness and anxiousness. This is due to the fright associated with their diminution in mobility and vision. Burton and Mitchell be sides indicated the complications and hazards presented by bing metropolis environments for case irregular pavement, hapless seating, no shelter, steep slopes, a deficiency of signposting, and bikes on pathwaies. The psychological and societal troubles are besides serious obstructions for illustration, hapless coach services, unavailability of local stores, inadequacy of lavatory services, and the possibility of acquiring lost. Changeless noise of heavy traffic flow disturbs the individual with dementia’s hearing and has an influence on their concentration. Unexpected, loud sounds frequently frighten them. Another no-go’ installation is the traveling staircases in any public edifice, it hinders a individual with dementedness who suffers vision-impairment to judge the staircases distance and velocity. ( Blackman et al. 2010 ) Sketch The above findings support the lovingness experience in my pattern in that the public outdoor universe is non an appropriate scene for a individual with dementedness, they do see obstructions and challenges on a day-to-day footing when accessing the out-of-doorss as proven in my sketch: One of the occupants, Mr X, in my attention scene has been sing Schizophrenia for many old ages and he has besides diagnosed with Vascular Dementia. He was from the local country and really familiar with the vicinity and community and is good known by some of the locals. He had free entree in and out of the Care Home for many old ages but late we received a phone call from a local store that informed us that Mr X had lashed out towards one of their staff members who approached him to back up and steer him. At one phase Mr X entered a private belongings without consent. He besides developed some hurts on his lower legs and custodies and besides got on the incorrect public conveyance. It was non really pleasant to affect the constabulary to turn up Mr X and to steer him back to his ain place. After detecting Mr X’s alteration in behavior we determined that there was a impairment in his physical and mental operation, for illustration he could non retrieve where a lavatory installation was available and used the ally of the local store. He besides entered a private belongings because that was his old place. Due to the uneven paseos he besides tripped and fell, wounding his legs and custodies. Furthermore, Mr X could non read or understand the electronic screen at the coach halt doing him to utilize the incorrect public conveyance. We had to affect Mr X’s General Practitioner to reexamine his medical intervention and harmonizing to the statute law we had to remake his hazard appraisals. Out of experience and observation we are cognizant that a individual with dementia experience bad yearss and good yearss, and it can be debatable to stipulate at what stage their dementedness has developed. But Mr X still has the capacity to do his ain determinations and as such he decided to go on with his day-to-day visits to the local vicinity as normal. We understand and back up his determination, because this day-to-day modus operandi walk about’ was really critical to keep his self-respect, independency, and his quality of life. However, Mr X agreed to inform staff when he is go forthing the installation and when he can be expected back, following the internal place policy to maintain him safe and secure. Positive transmutations As mentioned above there was positive transmutations for normal disablements, the UK Disability Discrimination Act updated in 2005 affected a alteration in attitudes towards design for disablement in order to run into the demands of anyone with disablement. Accessibility has become the most of import job because of the increasing population of older persons and more positive attitudes towards disablement in general. Recently the mission for dementedness friendly communities received an sweetening from the Prime Minister’s Challenge on dementedness: a national challenge. In his challenge the Prime Minister highlighted three cardinal countries ( see Prime Minister’s Challenge, 2012, p.5 ) Driving betterments in wellness and attention. Making dementedness friendly communities that understand how to assist. Better research. Mitchell ( 2012 ) identified merely six undertakings that have addressed the dementia-friendly design of vicinities. That includes a three twelvemonth research undertaking, which was sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council ( EPSRC ) . Persons with dementedness and older people in the community were straight involved, through escorted walks around their ain vicinities and in depth interviews. During the research the vicinities were measured, mapped, and evaluated by utilizing a developed checklist of environmental characteristics. This research identified six cardinal design rules that are necessary and required to do the streets and vicinities more dementia friendly. The streets need to be safe, comfy, accessible, familiar, legible, and typical ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006 ) . Acquaintance The roads and out-of-door environments and characteristics should be recognizable and easy apprehensible by older persons, particularly for the individual with dementedness who experience confusion, spacial freak out, and memory troubles. Persons with dementedness do non recognize modernistic unfamiliar designs, they are used to traditional designs with the chief entryway confronting the street with normal singing doors and non go arounding or skiding doors. They besides fail to recognize modern designed street furniture, for illustration modern coach shelters, telephone boxes, or an automated Superloo’ ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . To accomplish acquaintance in the outdoor environment the followers can be done. Long-established streets can be maintained, local manners, stuffs, and signifiers should be used for new developments, and any alterations should be incremental and on a minor-scale ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . Discernability Legible roads refers to an easy to recognize web of waies and junctions with simple, obvious marks and noticeable, unmistakeable characteristics. Some persons with dementedness sub-consciously use assorted techniques to happen their manner. These include visualizing their path through mental maps, path planning by utilizing the same path every clip, and they can follow symbols that are realistic and clear. Most persons with dementedness find it hard to follow or understand the outdoor marks. A bunch of marks is really confusing and hard to read and understand. Peoples with dementia prefers straightforward, simple marks fixed to the wall. For illustration the station office mark is familiar and the coloring material is acceptable for people with color agnosia. Another technique they tend to utilize in order to happen their manner is familiar landmarks and environmental characteristics, such as the letterbox at the corner or a street cafe . It can go on that persons with dementedness g et lost at times, that is due to confusion, freak out, or distractions like sudden loud noise that causes a interruption in concentration ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . To accomplish discernability in the out-of-door environment, streets should be laid out on an irregular grid form, staggered and this will let the connexion of paths that is easy to understand. Forked and T-junctions decrease the sum of paths and offer focal point points at the terminal of the roads ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . Peculiarity Distinctive streets replicate the community’s character through the usage of a assortment of characteristics, colorss, signifiers and stuffs that provide the edifices and streets with their ain character and individuality. It is indispensable for people with dementedness to follow a path with a assortment of local manners, forms, sizes, and colour that will assist them keep concentration. They prefer a visit to the Parkss that presents them with mix activities such as adequate seating, verdure, and public art ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . To accomplish peculiarity and to assist dementia people find their manner in the outdoor environment it is of import to supply interesting and apprehensible topographic points, usage landmarks, and environmental characteristics. First, make usage of aesthetic characteristics such as H2O pumps, attractive gardens, hanging baskets, fountains, and trees. Second, utilize practical characteristics for illustration street furniture that includes familiar missive boxes, ruddy K6 telephone box, coach shelters, and safe public seating ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . Handiness Accessibility provinces to which degree the local streets empower people with any physical, mental, or centripetal damage to make, enter, and walk to topographic points they wish to see. Older people, including people with dementedness are no longer able to drive on their ain or to utilize any public conveyance. Their trips are limited, due to their personal capablenesss, to local topographic points within walking distance for their places. With the diminution of their mobility they can non walk fast or far distances and they struggle to get by in crowded topographic points because they need adequate infinite on the paseos. Level alterations besides create barriers for frail people, likewise inclines or stairss are a challenge for people with mobility jobs ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . To achieve handiness for frail people, they should sooner populate no more than 125m from the nearest station box or telephone with 2m broad tracts and no more than 500m from important services and installations. There should besides be public siting every 100m to 125m ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . Comfort Comfort for older people and people sing lasting incapacity can include streets that allow them to see topographic points of their pick without any mental or physical agitation, it provides them with a welcoming and composure feeling ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . To accomplish a comfy environment the streets must be designed in a manner that it is welcoming, quiet, unfastened, and accessible by supplying adequate public seating, shelter, and lavatories. The seating must sooner be a wooden place with arm and back remainders. Bus stops should supply shelter, with crystalline sides and level seats of non-slippery stuff that do non carry on cold or heat ( Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) . Safety Safety is a critical feature of a friendly environment for dementedness people, they have to be able to travel around without fright of tripping, falling, being run-over, or attacked. Safe streets will be well-lit, broad, field, degree, non-slippery, non-reflected, and smooth footways with stray bike lanes and in forepart of constructing come ining ways ( Blackman et al. , 2010, Burton A ; Mitchell, 2006, Mitchell et el. , 2004 ) The above rules outline the design guidelines to a more out-of-door friendly environment for people with dementedness. Burton and Mitchell ( 2006 ) besides provides 65 recommendations and by utilizing these it will back up the design and re-design of an easy to utilize and welcoming vicinity. To summarize, it is clear that people with dementedness, at least during their mild to chair phases, can still keep their ability to get by independently and any regular mental and physical exercising is indispensable to keep their self-respect, independency, and their quality of life as seen in the sketch. That is why it is so of import to us to guarantee that the out-of-door environment is accessible, unfastened, and safe for people with all phases of dementedness. If this can non be achieved the environment out at that place becomes a chilling and awful universe for people with dementedness. Although, the vicinity environment is non dementia friendly at present there is positive betterments and force per unit area from Government, through the Prime Minister’s Challenge on dementedness. Importantly, the research undertaking identified six rules of a dementedness friendly environment that can be used for future planning and executions. This will guarantee that all new developments that take these principals into consideration will be in line with suggested and prescribed regulations that cater for a safe and accessible environment for people with dementedness.

A Project Concept Note Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Project Concept Note - Coursework Example otive Innovation geared towards encouraging and recognizing the creation and development of new innovative products,technologies and ideas aimed at changing the face of the UK automotive industry. This concept note has been prepared for the automobile manufacturing companies stressing the importance of employing Knowledge Based Engineering systems with the aim of improving their fields of developmental methodologies through a shorter developmental time thus improving the quality of their systems(ARMSTRONG, 2001:24). The concept of Knowledge Based Engineering(KBE) is without doubt very broad.This is because in product development KBE becomes an important tool with the important function of capturing knowledge and enabling for its reuse.For example,a spreadsheet enables the recycling of knowledge by having the ability to effectively implement equations and/or rules.It is for this reason that this concept note lays emphasis on those tools of Knowledge Based Engineering that function as tools where knowledge is stored in different classes as objects such as Java,C++ and especially takes note of fact that in terms of product prototyping, KBE tools carry out an important role in congruence with geometry engine to effectively put into action the automatic generation of product concept.KBE functions to automate routine and time consuming tasks which thereby accord employees of companies more time to invest in new innovations and adequately find solutions.However,knowledge based system emanating from ar tificial intelligence(AI) captures expert knowledge and more often than not also generate creative solutions, for which it sometimes referred to as ‘expert system’.This paper notes that in the development of KBE systems,numerous methods exists but lays particular emphasis on MOKA as a suitable example that could be adopted by SMMT (The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders), as the development process revolves around capturing and formalizing knowledge which does